• Brown S
• Lehman JJ

• Cervical Vertebrae
• Chiropractic Literature
• Guidelines
• Informed Consent
• Manipulation, Cervical / adverse effects
• Open Access Document
• Risk Factors
• Stroke / etiology

Objective: Although the incidence of stroke following cervical spine manipulation (CSM) is low, the potential outcomes are serious. The objective of this study was to perform a narrative review to assess whether informed consent to the risk of stroke from CSM is recommended by chiropractic researchers and practice guidelines.

Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in February 2025 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature, covering 1989 to March 2025. Search terms included chiropractic, cervical spine manipulation, stroke, informed consent, and risk. English language peer reviewed studies by chiropractic physicians, along with practice guidelines written in whole or in part by chiropractic physicians, were considered.

Results: There was unanimous support for informed consent to the risk of stroke from CSM in the results. We identified two practice guidelines, two case control studies, three narrative reviews, and one case series authored by chiropractic physicians that recommend such informed consent. We did not find any peer reviewed studies that argued against such informed consent.

Conclusions: Informed consent to the risk of stroke from CSM is recommended by practice guidelines and chiropractic researchers. This lends weight to the view that such informed consent is the standard of care for the chiropractic profession.

This abstract is reproduced with the permission of the publisher; full text is available by subscription.