• Pesco MS
• Chosa E
• Tajima N

• Back Pain / rehabilitation
• Exercise Therapy / methods
• Musculoskeletal Manipulations / methods
• Patient Education as Topic

SUBJECTS: Twenty-four randomly selected women, 12 custodians and 12 students, with neck and shoulder pain and stiffness.

METHODS: All subjects received a medical examination and x-ray before the study to rule out any pre-existing neurologic deficits and an evaluation that included history taking and self-reporting of pain according to a numeric pain scale. Student participants received education and exercise instructions to be continued daily. The custodial workers received once-per-week hands-on treatment.

RESULTS: Data were compared using a nonparametric analysis (Wilcoxon signed rank test) and showed evidence of statistically significant reductions in neck, shoulder, and back stiffness and shoulder muscle tension for most of the study subjects.

CONCLUSION: Treatment of repetitive stress injuries that combines maintenance of daily active exercises prescribed and modeled by a professional therapist, which emphasize postural awareness to correct poor posture and provide a basic physiological understanding of the disorder, is as crucial to reducing upper back and neck pain and stiffness as hands-on therapy with active exercise provided in a clinical setting.

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