• Cox JM
• Aspegren DD

• Intervertebral Disc Displacement / therapy
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• Traction

A literature review of the incidence and effects of manipulation on intervertebral disc protrusion is given. A case presented had a 14% reduction of the disc bulge following manipulative care with complete relief of sciatic and low back pain. A system to evaluate the size of disc herniation in computed tomography scans performed before and after manipulative treatment of disc protrusions is offered. Stenosis, with the critical compounded factors of vertebral canal size, dural sac cross-sectional area and soft tissue stenosis in protrusion of the ligamentum flavum and disc, as well as degenerative facet joint changes, is discussed to illustrate the complexity surrounding nerve root compression etiology. Understanding this integration of causative factors can help to explain low back symptoms and outline effective treatment plans.

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